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PPLN Magnesium-Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals And Substrates

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LN (LiNbo3, Lithium Niobate)

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Commodity name: PPLN Magnesium-Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals And Substrates

5 mol% MgO:LiNbO3 crystals
Unicrystal has a team of experts who have been engaged in LN crystal research. They have experimented with and compared the effects of dozens of formulations, various temperature fields and process conditions on crystal growth, crystal performance indicators and defect concentration. From these, they have selected technical solutions suitable for PPLN and electro-optic Q-switch applications. Now we can mass-produce various axial 5mol% doped MgO:CLN crystals and polished wafers.

Compared to pure lithium niobate, it has the following advantages:

High damage threshold, ~10MW/cm² @532nm
Low polarization reversal voltage: ~8000V/mm (21000V/mm for CLN), enabling thicker PPLNs.

Application areas:

Electro-optic Q-switch
Birefringence phase matching
Periodic polarization chip

Performance characterization:

We control product quality as follows:

Coloring: Crystal coloring increases light absorption, which is detrimental. The degree of coloring is generally related to the purity of raw materials and the growth process. Inferior products, processed semi-finished or finished products, appear yellow or brown. We use high-purity Nb₂O₅, Li₂CO₃, and MgO powder with transition element content less than 1 ppm as raw materials, employ low-pollution thermal field design, and utilize rational crystal growth and heat treatment processes to ensure a very light coloring of the crystals. Our produced crystals appear light pink.
Absorption Edge: Under certain conditions, increasing the magnesium doping concentration will cause a purple shift in the ultraviolet absorption edge. We provide customers with 5.0 mol% MgO:CLN crystals that meet the magnesium doping threshold concentration.

OH- absorption peak (wavenumber of absorption peak below threshold concentration is 3478/cm, wavenumber of absorption peak above threshold concentration is 3535/cm)

Root-like stripes

Polish both ends of the crystal, place a 10mm*10mm transparent grid on the end face, place the crystal on a parallel background light source, observe the internal stripes of the crystal, and calculate that the number of stripes occupying the grid is less than 5.

Under observation with a ≥100mw green laser, no scattering was observed in the effective area.
Single-domain

Unicrystal understands the mechanism of needle-like and ring-like domain formation in MgO:CLN crystals and selects appropriate formulations, crystal growth, and polarization processes to ensure that the MgO:CLN crystals shipped from the factory are highly domain-singled.

Refractive index

After MgO was incorporated into CLN crystals, the refractive indices of both ordinary and extraordinary light became lower. The data obtained using a prism coupler are shown in the table below.

index of refreaction @632.8nm, and melt ratio

X	4.3	4.6	5.0	6.0
n_e	2.1936	2.1930	2.1922	2.1916
n_o	2.2850	2.2843	2.2825	2.2805

Due to segregation during growth, the concentration differs between the beginning and end of the same crystal, and the refractive index at the end also changes with the crystallinity, as shown in the figure below. To ensure batch-to-batch consistency, we control the crystallinity to be less than 20%.

Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crystals and Substrates

Optical Grade Lithium Niobate Crystals And Substrates

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